A transurethral biopsy is a procedure used to obtain tissue samples from the prostate gland or bladder through the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body. This procedure is typically performed using a cystoscope, a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light at the end, which is inserted into the urethra to visualize the prostate or bladder. Once the targeted area is identified, small instruments are used to take tissue samples for analysis. The biopsy is often performed under local or general anesthesia to ensure the patient's comfort. The main reason for conducting a transurethral biopsy is to diagnose prostate cancer, bladder cancer, or other abnormalities within the urinary tract. It may be recommended when abnormal growths or suspicious findings are seen on imaging studies, such as an ultrasound or MRI, or when there are persistent symptoms like blood in the urine, difficulty urinating, or elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The tissue samples collected are sent to a laboratory for histopathological examination to determine the presence of cancer or other diseases. Complications associated with transurethral biopsy can include bleeding, infection, or temporary difficulty urinating. In some cases, patients may experience pain or discomfort during urination after the procedure. There is also a risk of developing scar tissue in the urethra, leading to urethral stricture, or narrowing, which may require further treatment. Despite these potential risks, transurethral biopsy is an effective method for diagnosing cancers and other conditions affecting the prostate and bladder.
